ABSTRACT
Since the pandemic, most work environments have changed to home-based settings, which mainly serve for living purposes other than working purposes. There is no lack of studies in the impact of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors on occupant productivity in regular work environments;however, limited studies are conducted in home-based work environments, not to mention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, an online survey was developed to explore the impact of IEQ factors on productivity between office- and home-based work environments among occupants with different genders and ages. A comprehensive list of key indicators was first developed. Then a survey was developed, distributed, and received 204 complete responses. The descriptive analysis and t-test are performed to evaluate the impact difference of all the IEQ factors on productivity of different occupants. The findings indicate that the visual factors' impact on productivity decreases for both genders, the impact of all factors on productivity for younger occupants increases when work from home (WFH), and the impact of acoustic quality is the highest among all five IEQ factors. Because of WFH as the future of work, this study can provide insights for future built environment design.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods: Literature on novel coronavirus pneumonia was retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE databases. The relevant data was extracted and a meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect statistical software V.2.8.0 to calculate the combined odds ratio. Results: Seven studies were included, consisting of 1594 cases. The meta-analysis result showed that the most common clinical symptoms of the novel coronavirus pneumonia were fever (91.6%) and cough (64.5%), followed by dyspnea (32.8%) and sputum (28.1%). Headache (10.5%), sore throat (11.2%), hemoptysis (3.2%), diarrhea (6.6%) and the other symptoms were relatively rare. Aspartate aminotransferase (29%), alanine transaminase (22.7%), and total bilirubin (11.7%) levels were elevated, except for serum albumin levels (80.4%). The common therapeutic agents used were antibiotics (87.7%), antiviral drugs (75.5%), and glucocorticoids (26.6%), while antifungal agents (7.7%) were used in few. Mechanical ventilation (13.4%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1.9%), and continuous renal replacement therapy (3.8%) were used in severe cases. The rate of mortality in hospital was 7.7%, respectively. Heterogeneity between studies was significant; however, subgroup and sensitivity analysis had failed to identify clear sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Fever, cough and liver dysfunction are the main clinical manifestations of this disease and the mortality rate is low.